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Analysis of International Experience in the Development of Voluntary Certification Systems
Voluntary certification is an important element of the quality infrastructure, providing confirmation of the characteristics of products, processes, and services beyond the mandatory requirements established by legislation. This article presents a comparative analysis of voluntary certification models implemented in the European Union, the United States, China, the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study identifies the specific distribution of responsibilities among the government, businesses, and national accreditation systems, and determines the common patterns in the development of voluntary conformity assessment. The findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of national voluntary certification systems depends on the coordinated interaction between the government, businesses, and quality infrastructure institutions.
METROLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MEASURING SYSTEMS
The article discusses the main aspects of metrological support of measuring systems in the context of digitalization. The impact of digital technologies on metrology methods, ensuring the traceability and reliability of measurement data, as well as adapting calibration and verification procedures is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the estimation of measurement uncertainty, taking into account the influence of software and algorithmic data processing. The main regulatory and methodological problems of the introduction of digital measuring systems have been identified, as well as promising areas for the development of digital metrology within the framework of an integrated digital metrological infrastructure.
Investigation of the Metrological Characteristics of the State Primary Standard of the Unit of Electrical Resistance Based on the Quantum Hall Effect
The state primary standard of the electrical resistance unit of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the quantum Hall effect, is the highest link in the national system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements in the field of electrical resistance. The standard provides reproduction, storage and transmission of electrical resistance units to working standards and measuring instruments used in industry, energy, scientific research and testing laboratories. In the context of the constant improvement of quantum technologies, the development of digital metrology methods and increasing requirements for measurement accuracy, the study of the metrological characteristics of the state primary standard is becoming particularly relevant.
Information Mechanisms for the Prevention of Technical Barriers to Trade: The Case of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The article examines the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in shaping the modern system of international trade based on the principles of transparency, predictability, and non-discrimination. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of the WTO Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), as well as to the institutional role of national enquiry points as key elements in ensuring transparency and effective information exchange among member states. A comprehensive analysis is conducted of the activities of the TBT/SPS Enquiry Point of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a crucial instrument for implementing the country’s international obligations within the WTO framework. Its main functions are examined, including the processing, translation, and dissemination of WTO notifications, coordination of interaction with government authorities and the business community, as well as participation in the development and submission of national positions on draft foreign regulatory acts at early stages of their development. Based on the analysis of the Enquiry Point’s practical activities in recent years, it is demonstrated that its functioning contributes to increasing the level of awareness among participants in foreign economic activity, developing mechanisms for early response to potential trade barriers, reducing the risks of non-compliance of products with foreign market requirements, and strengthening the institutional position of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the international trading system. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the Enquiry Point as a platform for dialogue between the state and business, ensuring the consideration of national interests in the context of globalization and increasingly stringent regulatory requirements.
FEATURES OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION DURING VERIFICATION/CALIBRATION OF WATER CONTENT METERS IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
An important factor in accounting transactions between the consumer and the buyer in the oil industry is humidity. The oil humidity indicator, that is, the water content in oil, has a significant impact on its quality, and, accordingly, the market value of raw materials. The industry uses various methods for determining oil humidity, both laboratory and operational. But since the laboratory method delays the process of determining the humidity indicator, flow humidity meters are often used. Determination of the metrological characteristics of such meters is carried out on a special stand reproducing an environment with a known moisture value. In connection with the many measuring instruments involved in determining the actual metrological characteristics of the moisture meter, the question arises about the reliability of the results obtained. It is for this reason that the uncertainty of measurements is calculated for such measurements. The article will provide a brief analysis of such measurements, the procedure for determining the metrological characteristics, as well as an example of a possible report on the uncertainty of the obtained measurement results
ВЫПУСК В ОБРАЩЕНИЕ СРЕДСТВ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ: ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
This article examines the legal and regulatory framework governing the placing on the market of measuring instruments in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Various definitions of the term “placing on the market,” as found in technical regulation legislation and metrological control rules, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the specific nature of measuring instruments as products that, unlike ordinary goods, require conformity assessment not only during manufacturing and import, but also throughout their operational use. The article discusses mandatory procedures such as type approval, metrological certification, and the recognition of type approval results. Practical examples are provided to illustrate the consequences of non-compliance with legal requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a deliberate and legally competent approach to the circulation of measuring instruments in the regulated sector.
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