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FEATURES OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION DURING VERIFICATION/CALIBRATION OF WATER CONTENT METERS IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
An important factor in accounting transactions between the consumer and the buyer in the oil industry is humidity. The oil humidity indicator, that is, the water content in oil, has a significant impact on its quality, and, accordingly, the market value of raw materials. The industry uses various methods for determining oil humidity, both laboratory and operational. But since the laboratory method delays the process of determining the humidity indicator, flow humidity meters are often used. Determination of the metrological characteristics of such meters is carried out on a special stand reproducing an environment with a known moisture value. In connection with the many measuring instruments involved in determining the actual metrological characteristics of the moisture meter, the question arises about the reliability of the results obtained. It is for this reason that the uncertainty of measurements is calculated for such measurements. The article will provide a brief analysis of such measurements, the procedure for determining the metrological characteristics, as well as an example of a possible report on the uncertainty of the obtained measurement results
ВЫПУСК В ОБРАЩЕНИЕ СРЕДСТВ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ: ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
This article examines the legal and regulatory framework governing the placing on the market of measuring instruments in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Various definitions of the term “placing on the market,” as found in technical regulation legislation and metrological control rules, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the specific nature of measuring instruments as products that, unlike ordinary goods, require conformity assessment not only during manufacturing and import, but also throughout their operational use. The article discusses mandatory procedures such as type approval, metrological certification, and the recognition of type approval results. Practical examples are provided to illustrate the consequences of non-compliance with legal requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a deliberate and legally competent approach to the circulation of measuring instruments in the regulated sector.
FEATURES OF EXPORTING PRODUCTS TO TURKIYE: FOOD PRODUCTS
This article outlines the key aspects necessary for a successful entry into the Turkish market: the legal and regulatory framework (including Law No. 5996, the Turkish Food Codex, and communiqués of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry), phytosanitary and veterinary requirements, certification procedures, and the need for prior approval of exporters. Special attention is given to the operation of the TAREKS system and the harmonization with European legislation.Specific requirements for individual categories of products are also examined, including meat, dairy products, honey, fish, as well as wood and plant-based goods. The article highlights the importance of compliance with packaging and labeling requirements, sanitary production conditions, and the availability of international certificates (including SMIIC halal standards and the HACCP system).This material will be useful for exporters, trade agents, regulatory authorities, and all stakeholders planning to export products to the Republic of Turkiye.
FEATURES OF EXPORTING PRODUCTS TO CHINA: FOOD PRODUCTS
This article provides information on the technical regulation and standardization system of the People's Republic of China (PRC), as well as on the specifics of exporting domestic food products to the PRC market.State support for exports, participation in international exhibitions and cooperation with Chinese partners contribute to the growth of supplies. Kazakh companies are interested in a long-term presence in the Chinese market, which opens up new prospects for the country's economic development.However, today Kazakhstani exporters face a serious problem –insufficient knowledge of China’s requirements for importing products. The Chinese market has a complex certification system, strict sanitary and phytosanitary norms, as well as specific quality standards that do not always correspond to Kazakhstani ones. Many entrepreneurs have difficulties obtaining the necessary permits, adapting products to China’s requirements, and going through customs procedures.Lack of sufficient information leads to delays, additional costs and refusals of exports. The problem is especially acute in the agricultural sector, where product safety requirements are high. Improving the awareness of Kazakhstani producers will increase exports and strengthen trade ties with China.In this regard, in 2019 and 2022, the Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Metrology conducted analytical work to study the specifics of technical regulation and access to the Chinese market. Based on the results of the work, the Institute, at the request of interested parties, provides consultations to export-oriented enterprises.As a result, domestic manufacturers can save time and financial resources (in terms of costs for independently studying the requirements or by engaging consulting companies and translating regulatory documentation) to ensure that exported products comply with the requirements of the importing country.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENT STATE OF SOIL COVER AND OIL RESERVES, ALONG WITH AN IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRIMARY ECOLOGICAL ISSUES AT HAND
The article presents the results of an analysis of the current state of soil cover in oil fields to improve methodological approaches based on quantitative optimization criteria and classification of physico-chemical and biological parameters of soils..
"ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF METROLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE FIELD OF MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES (DC CURRENT, DC VOLTAGE)"
The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state and prospects for improving metrological support for the measurement of direct voltage, electromotive force (EMF), and direct electric current in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main methods for measuring these quantities are considered, as well as existing measurement systems and tools used in various sectors of the economy. Special attention is paid to issues of metrological traceability and standards governing these types of measurements, along with an analysis of the state of national standards and their compliance with international standards.The article also provides an overview of the results of a survey of accreditation subjects, highlighting identified problems, trends, and needs in the field of metrology, as well as recommendations for improving metrological support in this area. Based on the results of the analysis, it has been established that the modernization or creation of new standards in the field of direct voltage and current measurements, as well as updating the regulatory framework to meet modern requirements and international standards, is not currently required.
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